Garbage reduction and rubbish crematory



Jan. 8, .1929.

J. SCHAAF- GARBAGE REDUCTION AND -RUBBISH CREMATORY Jan. 8, 1929.

J. SCHAAF GARBAGE REDUCTION AND RUBBISH CREMATQRY Filed sept. '9, 1926' 2 sheds-sheet Schaaf INVENTOR John OTBY Vns

Patented Jan. 8, 1929.A

UNITED `STATES JOHN SCHAAF, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

GARBAGE REDUCTION AN D RUBBISH CREMATORY.

Application led September 9, 1926. Serial No. 134,428.

This invention relates to a crematory which is adapted to the drying and cremating of garbage and refuse such as that which is gathered from kitchens and hotels in villages and cities so that the residue may be used for fertilizer.

It has for its objects to produce a simple and efficient apparatus whereby garbage may be quickly, economically7 and thoroughly dried or cremated and without emitting any disagreeable odors in the neighborhood in which the crematory is located; to provide a plurality of retorts which rotate and are adapted to dispose of garbage or refuse continuously; to utilize the products of combustion in cremating rubbish to assist in the reduction of garbage; and to provide means to operate said apparatus in single or multiple units whereby garbage or other refuse may be disposed of in a manner to be described.

With these objects in view, the invention consists in certain features of novelty in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts by which the said objects and certain other objects which will hereinafter appear are obtained, the invention being more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 1s a vertical longitudinal elevation, partly in section through one of the retorts or drums, of a garbage reduction and rubbish crematory embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same showing the stack, condenser and fan and the method of drive for said drums or retorts. Fig. 3 is a top view or .plan of a portion of one of the retorts to Show the connections and driving arrangement from a motor.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. Y

In the preferred embodiment of my invention as shown in the drawings, I provide two hollow drums or retorts each of which is circular in shape about a longitudinal axis and adapted to turn about said axis. These two retorts are substantially identical although they may be made of a different size or shape where desired, as either one of both retorts may be used to I reduce garbage or other material, as rubbish, sep- .arately or at the same time in any combination possible.

This invention is more particularly intended as an lmprovement on the invention .of Rudolph L. Seelbach, garbage crematoil'y,

of a retort 2. These retorts are mounted,

end to end, or tandem, so they can be used separately or in multiple, i. e. 'so they can both be fired at the same time and the products of combustion from retort 1 may pass through retort 2 when desired. 3, 4 and 5 are foundations on which are mounted the chambers or housings 6, 7 and 8 repectively. These chambers are rectangular in shape and furnish means for feeding garbage or rubbish and discharging the products of combustmn as well as holding burner means for consuming said materials in retorts 1 and 2. I

Retort or drum 1 is mounted between chambers 6 and 7 and retort or drum 2 is mounted between chambers 7 and 8. Retorts 1 and- 2 and chambers 6, 7 and 8 are preferably constructed of an outer metal shell and having inner refractory linings such as irebrick ora vitreous material to resist the high temperature incident to burning the rubbish and drying the garbage.

9 is the metal shell and 10 the lining of the retorts 1 and 2, while l1 is the metal shell and 12 and lining of the chambers 6, 7 and 8. The retorts are preferably largest in diameter 1n the center and tapering toward each end to better confine the contained materials when tumbled about from the rotation of said retorts. f Each end of the retorts is open and has a iange 22 closely abutting its Iad]acent chamber; Mounted on said chambers and enclosing each ianged end of said retorts -is a cover 13, in two pieces (shown dlvided on centerline) for easy assembly. These covers can all be identical 1n shape but mounted to takecare of the angle at which the retorts 1 and 2 are placed in reference to the chambers 6, 7 and 8. The chambers 6, 7 and 8 are mounted plumb on the foundations 3, 4 and 5 while the retorts l and 2 are placed so their axes are inclined to the horizontal, and slant from the outside chambers 6 and 8 somewhat upward toward the center chamber 7. This slant increases the draft from the outside chambers 6 and 8 toward the centerchamber 7 and is of advantage when exhausting through the stack 48 and firing from the end oil burners 14 or 16. When using the condensers 54 and 59` and the exhaust fan 64 plenty1 of draft is created through retort 2, in eit er direction.

This incliningof the retorts assists in preventing longitudinal displacement as they always ride at the lowest point lin thev annular grooves 17 of the rollers 18. Each retort 1 and 2 has a pair of rings 19, 19

`forming a track for supporting the said retorts vat each end and providing means for rotation on a air of said rollers 18 on opposite sides of t e center of lrotation and hav- 23 on each retort l and 2 and in each case is driven by a chain 24 (Figs. 2 and 3) from a pinion 25, shaft 26, gear 2.7, chain 28, pinion 29, shaft 30, pulley 31, belt 32 and drive pulley 33 on the motor 34. Other suitable means could be employed to eifect this rotation. 'A

Retorts 1 and 2 are each provided with a slide door 35 which is pivotally connected therewith and through which the material to be burned or dried may be introduced. These Side doors 35 also furnish a means for discharging the residue or dried material from the retorts by bringing the retorts to rest with the door at the underside and fastened open by the stud 41. A further means of filling the retorts is shown for retort 1 by which a collapsible spout 36 is used 'to pour rubbish or garbage through an opening 37 in the top of the chamber 6, a side opening 39 and into the open end 40 of retort 1. Where rubbish is being burned it can be fed continuously while garbage is usually fed at intervals in which case the spout 36 is removed land a cover 38 closes the opening 37 while the dried.

Chamber 6 is provided with an end oil burner 14 opposite the opening 40 in the retort 1 and a draft register 42 to furnish air for the proper combustion in the retort. Chamber 7 1s provided with a front oil burner 15 anda draft register 43. This burner 15 is used for burning or drying materials in retort 2 and for "burning out soot and consuming the smoke in chamber 7. Chamber 8 is provided with a front oil burner 78 and a draft register 44 and an end oil burner 16.

In chamber 7 is a tube 45 to register with the outlet opening 47 of the retort 1 and having a damper 46 for controlling the inner garbage is being end of said tube.l 46 shows this damper dotted and in its open position. 47 is a pipe forming a by-,pass from said tube 45 to the stack 48 (Fig. 2) and having a damper 49.

50 is an openin in chamber 7 which communicates with t e end of retort 2 and Iis opposite the opening in tube 45. 51 is the openin from chamber 7 into the lower end of stac 48. Stack 48 extends up through the roof of ya building and is preferably capped with a spark screen 52. yT-shaped pipe 53 in the stack 48 furnishes communication with the condenser 54. 55 is a damper between the stack 48 and rthe condenser 54. 56 is a damper in the stack 48 'above the T-shaped pipe 53 and 75 a damper in stack 48 near chamber 7 and below the bypass pipe 47 Chamber 8 is furnished with a. stack 57 having aT-shaped pipe 58 for communicating with condenser 59, a damper 60 and a spark screen Y61. Between the stack 57 and the condenser 59 is a damper 62. Between condensers 54 and 59 is a connecting pipe 63 communicating with the exhaust fan 64 by means of a pipe 65. In the pipe 63 and between the condenser 54 and the fan 64 is a damper 66, while between condenser 59 and fan 64 is a damper 67. Fan 64 exhausts outdoors by means of a pipe 68.

Water is fed to condenser 54 by means of a pipe 69 and to condenser 59 by means of pipe 70. Condenser 54 is supported by a pipe 71 which carries off the condensing water-to a hot well (not shown). Condenser 59 is supported by a similar pipe 72 which carries ofll the condensing water to a hot well 73 and the overflow from this well is carried to the sewer from the opening 74.

The operation of the crematory is as follows:

To dry garbage in retort 2 and burn rubbish in retort 1, retort 1 is loaded with rubbish and retort 2v is loaded with garbage. The fan 64 is started and burner 14 in chamber 6 is lighted which ignites the rubbish in retort l and the. heat driven through retort 2, chamber 8, stack 57 and condenser-59.`

. follows, starting from those nearest the fan 64: Damper 66 is closed, 67 is open, 62 is open, 60 n stack 57 is closed, 46 in chamber 7 is open, 49 in by-pass pipe 47 is closed, 56'

IUS

l in stack 48 is closed and 55 between stackl 48 i the material as it isy constantly lifted on one lll l rial used for fertilizer.

side. and ypermitted to fall though the central part thus thoroughly mixing and exposing all parts to the flame.

When the garbage in retort 2 is thoroughly dried, damper 56 in stack 48, and 49 in bypass 47 are opened and, damper 46 in tube 45 is closed, thus passing the products of combustion of the rubbish in retort 1 into stack 48 and so out of the building. v

Door 35 in retort 2 is now opened and .fastened by stud 41 when the retort is revolved vand unloaded on the ioor. The tin cans, etc. are removed'and the dried matewith the door 35 on the top when it is again charged with garbage and the door 35 closed. Retort 2 is now set in motion and damper 46 opened and 56 and 49 closed when the process of drying garbage in retort 2 is continued.

Retorts 1 and 2 can both be used to dry garbage by usin burner 14 for retort 1 and passing the pro ucts of combustion through by-pass 47 and condenser 54, the damper 46 being closed. vF or retort 2 the burner 16 can bel used and passing the products of combustion through the same stack 48 and condenser 54 as forretort 1, or by using burner 15 in chamber 7 and passing the products of combustion through stack 57 and condenser 59. When using the burner 15 for the retort 2 the damper 75 in the bottom of stack 48 is closed.

Extra burner 78 in chamber 8 is for use to burn out the carbon which gathers in retort 2 and also to consume the smoke when necessary.

lThe dampers 66 and 67 near the fan 64 are used in case only one condenser is used, the damper opposite the condenser in use being closed, while the near damper is open.

When desired the garbage is consumed by the lire instead of only dried.

When both retorts are Idrying garbage the operation can be continuous in that one drum or retort can be loaded while the other is operating.

Rubbish, of course, can be burned in one or both retorts at the same time when the products of combustion can be carried 'ofi' through either one or both of the stacks 48 or 57. yThat is to say both retorts 1 and 2 can use stack 57 or both retorts 1 and 2 can use stack 48, or retort 1 can use stack 48 and retort 2 can use 'stack 57 by operating the dampers as above described for'reducmg garbage or garbage and rubbish.

Retort 2 is stopped "As a1 further means of eliminating any odorswhlch maybe left in the gases after passing throughy the condensers, a pipe connection 76'lis placed'in the pipe 63 close to the condenser 54 and another connection -77 near condenser 59v for introducing ozone. In Fig. 3 'is shown motor 34 which toretort by means of a spout 36 the said retorcan be fed without being stopped.

For purposes of assisting in lifting and tumbling material in the retorts when rotated, said retorts are provided with a number of angles or plates around the inside surface and projecting into the retorts as shown by 79 in one place in each of Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

Having thus described'my invention, I claim:

1. An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising a first and a second retort in the form of open and reduced in diameter, means to rotate said retorts, a first and a second end chamber and .a central chamber, said first retort rotatably mounted between said first end chamber and said central chamber, said y second retort rotatably mounted between said second end chamber and said central chamber, each chamber having openings to register with the 4open end of its adjacent retort, means for introducing heat into each chamber, a stack and a condenser connected to said stack in communication with said central chamber, a stack and a condenser connected to Said stack in communication with said second end chamber, exhaust means connected to each of said condensers and damper means whereby the exhaust productsI from a firing means may be conducted through one or both of said stacks directly to the atmosphere'or said exhaust products may be conducted from one or both of said stacks through its connected condenser and exhaust means to the atmosphere.Y

2. 'An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising two end chambers and a .common central chamber, two retorts in the form ofl hollow drums with open ends, means to rotate said retorts, each retort rotatably mounted between an end chamber and said central chamber, each chamber having openings to register with the onen end of its adjacent retort, means for introducing heat into each of said chambers, a tube in thev lopening of said central chamollow 4drums having both ends ber which registers with the ladjacent end of one of said retorts, a damper to control the inner end of said tube, a stack and a condenser in communication with said central and one end chamber a damper in said stack above the connection to said condenser and a damper between said stack and said condenser and a byass pipe from said tube in said central cham er to its said communicating stack. j

3. An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising two end chambers and a central chamber, two retorts in the form of hollowv drums with open ends and mounted with said open ends to register with openings in said end chambers and .said central chamber, means to rotate said retorts, a stack connected to said central chamber, a condenser and exhaust means, said condenser connected between sald stack and said exhaust means a damper in said stack above the connection to said condenser .and a damper between said stack and said condenser, and means in each end chamber for introducing heat into its adjacent retort.

4. An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising two end chambers and a common central chamber, two retorts l1n the form of hollow drums with open ends to register with openings in said end chambers and said central chamber, means to rotate said retorts, a stack connected to said central chamber, a condenser connected to said central chamber stack, a stack connected to one of said end chambers, a condenser connected to said end chamber stack,

means in each end chamber to fire the adjacent retort, damper means to direct the eX- haust gases through said central chamber from either end chamber, firing means in said central chamber and damper means to direct the exhaust gases from said central chamber tiring means to said end chamber stack.

5. An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising two end chambers and a common central chamber, two retorts in the form of hollow drums with open ends and mounted with said open ends to register with openings insaid end chambers and said central chamber, means to rotate said retorts, a tube in said central chamber which connects by means of said retorts with one end chamber, a stack and acondenser on nected thereto communicating withl the other of said end chambers, a stack and a condenser connected thereto communicating with said central chamber, a fan connected to said condensers, a by-pass pipe connecting said tube in said central chamber to its communicating stack, firing means in each chamber to burn or reduce the material in said retorts or to consume the smoke and damper means to direct the exhaustgaseous products from either one or both of said retorts directly to the atmosphere througlh one or both of said stacks or to direct t e exhaust 4gaseous products from said retorts through one or both of saidstacks and its said counected condenser and fan.

6. An apparatus for the purpose set forth,

comprising two chambers, a retort having bustion may be exhausted from either one end or the other of said retort and directed through its adjacent chamber and stack to the atmosphere or may be directed from either of said stacks through its connected condenser and said fan.

7 An apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprising two retorts having the form of hollow drums with open ends, a central chamber bet-Ween said retorts and having openings to communicate with the adjacent open inner ends of said retorts, two end chambers one at each` outer end of said retorts, each of said end chambers having an opening to communicate with the open end of the adjacent retort, a side door in each of said retorts, means for introducing material through one end chamber into the end of one retort, plates projecting into the interior of said retorts, means to independently rotate each of said retorts, means for introducing heat into each of said chambers, a stack connected to said central chamber., a condenser connected to said central chamber stack, a stack connected to one of said end chambers, a condenser connected to said end chamber stack, an exhaust f an connected to each of said condensers and damper means whereby said retorts may be used to consume or reduce garbage or other material as separate units or in multiple with each other.

Sl lll 8. apparatus for the purpose set forth, comprisng two end chambers and a common central chamber, two retorts in the form of hollow drums with open ends to register with openings in said end chambers and said central chamber, means to independently rotate each of said retorts, said retorts adapted to rotate about their axes which are arranged to be higher at their central chamber ends than at their end chamber ends, means for introducing materials into and removing materials from said retorts, tiring means in each of said end chambers, exhaust means for conveying gaseousexhaust products from said central chamber to the atpass means from one of said retorts to said stack, and damper means whereby said retorts may be operated together or sepa- 10 rately.

In testimony whereof I hereby a'ix my signature.

JOHN SCI-IAAF. 

